Stable dispersion concentrates

ABSTRACT

The invention provides dispersion concentrates comprising at least one polymer obtainable by free-radical copolymerization of  
     A) acryloyldimethyltauric acid and/or acryloyldimethyltaurates,  
     B) optionally one or more further olefinically unsaturated, noncationic comonomers,  
     C) optionally one or more olefinically unsaturated, cationic comonomers,  
     D) optionally one or more silicon-containing component(s),  
     E) optionally one or more fluorine-containing component(s),  
     F) optionally one or more macromonomers,  
     G) where the copolymerization optionally takes place in the presence of at least one polymeric additive,  
     with the proviso that the component A) is copolymerized with at least one component chosen from the group D) to G).

[0001] The present invention relates to dispersion concentratescomprising copolymers based on acryloyldimethyltauric acid or saltsthereof (AMPS), obtainable by copolymerization of AMPS with one or moreolefinic comonomer(s) and components with functional groups.

[0002] The application PCT/EP 01/13860 describes a new class of polymersbased on acryloyldimethyltauric acid or salts thereof. These polymersconfer broad performance properties and can be used as thickener,bodying agent, emulsifier, dispersant, lubricant, conditioner and/orstabilizer in cosmetic, dermatological and pharmaceutical compositions.

[0003] The copolymers based on AMPS, prepared preferably byprecipitation polymerization, in accordance with the prior art arepulverulent substances with performance disadvantages resultingtherefrom. In addition to a risk of dust explosion, the dust can harbordangers in cases of inhalation, and also the storage stability of thepowders is impaired by hygroscopicity.

[0004] When processing or using the pulverulent products, thedissolution operation (the polymers are preferably incorporated intoaqueous media) is in most cases very time-consuming. The dissolutionoperation of the pulverulent products can, depending on the size of thebatch, take one hour and more. In addition, incompletedissolution/swelling of the pulverulent products is often observed,which leads to a reduction in the quality and stability of the endformulation (formation of lumps). In addition, the processing and/or useof the pulverulent products generally requires specific stirring anddispersion devices in order to dissolve, or suspend, the AMPS polymersin the compositions.

[0005] The object was to find liquid forms of the pulverulent polymersbased on acryloyldimethyltauric acid or salts thereof, preferablyprepared by precipitation polymerization (AMPS). Preference is givenhere to dispersions of the polymers in a liquid matrix comprising oil,emulsifier, dispersant and/or water. Preference is given here toliquid-disperse forms with the highest possible polymer proportion, lowviscosity coupled with high stability of the dispersion. The oil andemulsifier/dispersant proportions used are preferably cosmetically andpharmaceutically acceptable raw materials.

[0006] Surprisingly, it has been found that AMPS copolymers are suitablein an excellenrt manner for the preparation of dispersion concentrates.

[0007] The invention provides dispersion concentrates comprising

[0008] I) 5 to 80% by weight, preferably 20 to 60% by weight,particularly preferably 30 to 40% by weight, of a copolymer obtainableby free-radical copolymerization of

[0009] A) acryloyldimethyltauric acid and/or acryloyldimethyltaurates,

[0010] B) optionally one or more further olefinically unsaturated,non-cationic, optionally crosslinking comonomers which have at least oneoxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus atom and have a molecular weightof less than 500 g/mol,

[0011] C) optionally one or more olefinically unsaturated, cationiccomonomers which have at least one oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur orphosphorus atom and have a molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol,

[0012] D) optionally one or more at least monofunctionalsilicon-containing component(s) capable of free-radical polymerization,

[0013] E) optionally one or more at least monofunctionalfluorine-containing component(s) capable of free-radical polymerization,

[0014] F) optionally one or more mono- or polyolefinically unsaturated,optionally crosslinking macromonomers which have at least one oxygen,nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus atom and have a number-average molecularweight of greater than or equal to 200 g/mol, where the macromonomersare not a silicon-containing component D) or fluorine-containingcomponent E),

[0015] G) where the copolymerization optionally takes place in thepresence of at least one polymeric additive with number-averagemolecular weights of from 200 g/mol to 10⁹ g/mol,

[0016] H) with the proviso that the component A) is copolymerized withat least one component chosen from one of groups D) to G),

[0017] II) 20 to 95% by weight, preferably 30 to 80% by weight,particularly preferably 40 to 60% by weight, of one or more emulsifiersand/or an oil phase and

[0018] III) 0 to 30% by weight, preferably 0 to 10% by weight,particularly preferably 0 to 5% by weight, of water.

[0019] The copolymers according to component I) preferably have amolecular weight of from 10³ to 10⁹ g/mol, particularly preferably from10⁴ to 10⁷ g/mol, particularly preferably 5*10⁴ to 5*10⁶ g/mol.

[0020] The acryloyldimethyltaurates may be the inorganic or organicsalts of acryloyldimethyltauric acid(acrylamidopropyl-2-methyl-2-sulfonic acid). Preference is given to theLi⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺, Al⁺⁺⁺ and/or NH₄ ⁺ salts. Preference islikewise given to the monoalkylammonium, dialkylammonium,trialkylammonium and/or tetraalkylammonium salts, where the alkylsubstituents of the amines may be, independently of one another,(C₁-C₂₂)-alkyl radicals or (C₂-C₁₀)-hydroxyalkyl radicals. In addition,preference is also given to mono- to triethoxylated ammonium compoundswith varying degrees of ethoxylation. It should be noted that mixturesof two or more of the abovementioned representatives are also within themeaning of the invention. The degree of neutralization of theacryloyldimethyltauric acid can be between 0 and 100%, particularpreference being given to a degree of neutralization of more than 80%.

[0021] Based on the total mass of the copolymers, the content ofacryloyldimethyltauric acid or acryloyldimethyltaurates is at least 0.1%by weight, preferably 20 to 99.5% by weight, particularly preferably 50to 98% by weight.

[0022] Comonomers B) which can be used are all olefinically unsaturated,non-cationic monomers whose reaction parameters permit acopolymerization with acryloyldimethyltauric acid and/oracryloyldimethyltaurates in the respective reaction media.

[0023] As comonomers B), preference is given to unsaturated carboxylicacids and anhydrides and salts thereof, and also esters thereof withaliphatic, olefinic, cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic or aromatic alcoholshaving a carbon number from 1 to 30.

[0024] As unsaturated carboxylic acids, particular preference is givento acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, maleic acid,fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid and senecioic acid.

[0025] As counterions, preference is given to Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺,Al⁺⁺⁺, NH₄ ⁺, monoalkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammoniumand/or tetraalkylammonium radicals, where the alkyl substituents of theamines may, independently of one another, be (C₁-C₂₂)-alkyl radicals or(C₂-C₁₀)-hydroxyalkyl radicals. In addition, it is also possible to usemono- to triethoxylated ammonium compounds with varying degrees ofethoxylation. The degree of neutralization of the carboxylic acids canbe between 0 and 100%.

[0026] As comonomers B), preference is also given to open-chainN-vinylamides, preferably N-vinylformamide (VIFA),N-vinylmethylformamide, N-vinylmethylacetamide (VIMA) andN-vinylacetamide; cyclic N-vinylamides (N-vinyllactams) with a ring sizefrom 3 to 9, preferably N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and N-vinylcaprolactam;amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, preferably acrylamide,methacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N,N-diethylacrylamide andN,N-diisopropylacrylamide; alkoxylated acrylamides and methacrylamides,preferably hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxymethylmethacrylamide,hydroxyethylmethacrylamide, hydroxypropylmethacrylamide and2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl monosuccinate; N,N-dimethylaminomethacrylate;diethylaminomethyl methacrylate; acryl- and methacrylamidoglycolic acid;2- and 4-vinylpyridine; vinyl acetate; glycidyl methacrylate; styrene;acrylonitrile; vinyl chloride; stearyl acrylate; lauryl methacrylate;vinylidene chloride; and/or tetrafluoroethylene.

[0027] Likewise suitable as comonomers B) are inorganic acids and saltsand esters thereof. Preferred acids are vinylphosphonic acid,vinylsulfonic acid, allylphosphonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid.

[0028] The proportion by weight of the comonomers B), based on the totalmass of the copolymers, can be 0 to 99.8% by weight and is preferably0.5 to 80% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 50% by weight.

[0029] Suitable comonomers C) are all olefinically unsaturated monomerswith a cationic charge which are able to form copolymers in the chosenreaction media with acryloyldimethyltauric acid or salts thereof. Theresulting distribution of the cationic charges over the chains may berandom, alternating, block-like or gradient-like. It may be noted thatthe cationic comonomers C) also include those which carry the cationiccharge in the form of a betainic, zwitterionic or amphoteric structure.

[0030] Comonomers C) for the purposes of the invention are alsoamino-functionalized precursors which can be converted bypolymer-analogous reactions into their corresponding quaternaryderivatives (e.g. reaction with dimethyl sulfate, methyl chloride),zwitterionic derivatives (e.g. reaction with hydrogen peroxide),betainic derivatives (e.g. reaction with chloroacetic acid), oramphomeric derivatives.

[0031] Particularly preferred comonomers C) are

[0032] diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC),

[0033] [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC),

[0034] [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride,

[0035] [2-methacrylamidoethyl]trimethylammonium chloride,

[0036] [2-(acrylamido)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride,

[0037] N-methyl-2-vinylpyridinium chloride

[0038] N-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium chloride

[0039] dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate,

[0040] dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide,

[0041] methacryloylethyl N-oxide and/or

[0042] methacryloylethylbetaine.

[0043] The proportion by weight of the comonomers C) can, based on thetotal mass of the copolymers, be 0.1 to 99.8% by weight, preferably 0.5to 30% by weight and particularly preferably 1 to 20% by weight.

[0044] Suitable silicon-containing components D) capable ofpolymerization are all at least monoolefinically unsaturated compoundswhich, under the reaction conditions chosen in each case, are capable offree-radical copolymerization. In this connection, the distribution ofthe individual silicon-containing monomers over the resulting polymerchains does not necessarily have to be random. The formation of, forexample, block-like (including multiblock-like) or gradient-likestructures is also within the meaning of the invention. Combinations oftwo or more different silicon-containing representatives are alsopossible. The use of silicon-containing components having two or morepolymerization-active groups leads to the formation of branched orcrosslinked structures.

[0045] Preferred silicon-containing components are those according toformula (I).

R¹—Z—[(Si(R³R⁴)—O—)_(w)—(Si(R⁵R⁶)—O)_(x)—]—R²   (I)

[0046] Here, R¹ is a function capable of polymerization from the groupof vinylically unsaturated compounds which is suitable for building uppolymeric structures by free-radical routes. Preferably, R¹ is a vinyl,allyl, methallyl, methylvinyl, acrylic (CH₂═CH—CO—), methacrylic(CH₂═C[CH₃]—CO—), crotonyl, senecionyl, itaconyl, maleinyl, fumaryl orstyryl radical.

[0047] To join the silicon-containing polymer chain to the reactive endgroup R¹, a suitable chemical bridge Z is required. Preferred bridges Zare —O—, —((C₁-C₅₀)alkylene)—, —((C₆-C₃₀)arylene)—,—((C₅-C₈)cycloalkylene)—, —((C₁-C₅₀)alkenylene)—, —(polypropyleneoxide)_(n)—, —(polyethylene oxide)_(o)—, —(polypropyleneoxide)_(n)(polyethylene oxide)_(o)—, where n and o, independently of oneanother, are numbers from 0 to 200 and the distribution of the EO/POunits may be random or block-like. Also suitable as bridging groups Zare —((C₁-C₁₀)alkyl)-(Si(OCH₃)₂)— and —(Si(OCH₃)₂)—.

[0048] The polymeric middle section is represented by silicon-containingrepeat units.

[0049] The radicals R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are, independently of one another,—CH₃, —O—CH₃, —C₆H₅ or —O—C₆H₅. The indices w and x representstoichiometric coefficients which, independently of one another, are 0to 500, preferably 10 to 250.

[0050] The distribution of the repeat units over the chain can be notonly purely random, but also block-like, alternating or gradient-like.

[0051] R² can on the one hand symbolize an aliphatic, olefinic,cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic or aromatic (C₁-C₅₀)-hydrocarbon radical(linear or branched) or —OH, —NH₂, —N(CH₃)₂, —R⁷ or be the structuralunit [—Z—R¹]. The meaning of the two variables Z and R¹ has already beenexplained. R⁷ is a further Si-containing group. Preferred R⁷ radicalsare —O—Si(CH₃)₃, —O—Si(Ph)₃, —O—Si(O—Si(CH₃)₃)₂CH₃) and—O—Si(O—Si(Ph)₃)₂Ph).

[0052] If R² is an element of group [—Z—R¹], the monomers aredifunctional and can be used for the crosslinking of the resultingpolymer structures.

[0053] Formula (I) describes not only vinylically functionalized,silicon-containing polymer species with a polymer-typical distribution,but also defined compounds with discreet molecular weights.

[0054] Particularly preferred silicon-containing components are thefollowing acrylically or methacrylically modified silicon-containingcomponents:

[0055] methacryloxypropyldimethylsilyl end-blocked polydimethylsiloxanes(f=2 to 500)

[0056] methacryloxypropyl end-blocked polydimethylsiloxanes (f=2 to 500)

[0057] vinyldimethoxysilyl end-blocked polydimethylsiloxanes (f=2 to500)

[0058] Based on the total mass of the copolymers, the content ofsilicon-containing components can be up to 99.9% by weight, preferably0.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 20% by weight.

[0059] Suitable fluorine-containing components E) which are capable ofpolymerization are all at least monoolefinically unsaturated compoundswhich are capable of free-radical copolymerization under the reactionconditions chosen in each case. In this connection, the distribution ofthe individual fluorine-containing monomers over the resulting polymerchains does not necessarily have to be random. The formation of, forexample, block-like (including multiblock-like) or gradient-likestructures is also within the meaning of the invention. Combinations oftwo or more different, fluorine-containing components E) is alsopossible, in which case it is clear to the expert that monofunctionalrepresentatives lead to the formation of comb-like structures, whereasdi-, tri-, or polyfunctional components E) lead to at least partiallycrosslinked structures.

[0060] Preferred fluorine-containing components E) are those accordingto formula (II).

R¹—Y—C_(r)H_(2r)C_(s)F_(2s)CF₃   (II)

[0061] Here, R¹ is a function capable of polymerization from the groupof vinylically unsaturated compounds which is suitable for building uppolymeric structures by free-radical routes. Preferably, R¹ is a vinyl,allyl, methallyl, methylvinyl, acrylic (CH₂═CH—CO—), methacrylic(CH₂═C[CH₃]—CO—), crotonyl, senecionyl, itaconyl, maleinyl, fumaryl orstyryl radical, particularly preferably an acrylic and methacrylicradical.

[0062] To join the fluorine-containing group to the reactive end groupR¹, a suitable chemical bridge Y is required. Suitable bridges Y are—O—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —S—, —O—CH₂—CH(O—)—CH₂OH, —O—CH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—O—,—O—SO₂—O—, —O—S(O)—O—, —PH—, —P(CH₃)—, —PO₃—, —NH—, —N(CH₃)—,—O—(C₁-C₅₀)alkyl—O—, —O—phenyl—O—, —O—benzyl—O—,—O—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkyl—O—, —O—(C₁-C₅₀)alkenyl—O—, —O—(CH(CH₃)—CH₂—O)_(n)—,—O—(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)— and —O—([CH—CH₂—O]_(n)—[CH₂—CH₂—O]_(m))_(o)—, wheren, m and o, independently of one another, are numbers from 0 to 200 andthe distribution of the EO and PO units may be random or block-like.

[0063] r and s are stoichiometric coefficients which, independently ofone another, are numbers from 0 to 200. Preferred fluorine-containingcomponents E) according to formula (II) are

[0064] perfluorohexylethanol methacrylate,

[0065] perfluorohexylpropanol methacrylate,

[0066] perfluorooctylethanol methacrylate,

[0067] perfluorooctylpropanol methacrylate,

[0068] perfluorohexylethanolyl polyglycol ether methacrylate,

[0069] perfluorohexoylpropanoyl poly[ethyl glycol-co-propylene glycolether] acrylate, perfluorooctylethanolyl poly[ethyl glycol blockco-propylene glycol ether] methacrylate,

[0070] perfluorooctylpropanoyl polypropylene glycol ether methacrylate.

[0071] Based on the total mass of the copolymer, the content offluorine-containing components can be up to 99.9% by weight, preferably0.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 20% by weight.

[0072] The macromonomers F) are at least monoolefinically functionalizedpolymers with one or more discrete repeat units and a number-averagemolecular weight of greater than or equal to 200 g/mol. For thecopolymerization, it is also possible to use mixtures of chemicallydifferent macromonomers F). The macromonomers are polymeric structureswhich are formed from one or more repeat unit(s) and have a molecularweight distribution characteristic of polymers.

[0073] Preferred macromonomers F) are compounds according to formula(III).

R¹—Y—[(A)_(v)—(B)_(w)—(C)_(x)—(D)_(z)]—R²   (III)

[0074] R¹ is a function capable of polymerization from the group ofvinylically unsaturated compounds which are suitable for building uppolymeric structures by free-radical routes. Preferably, R¹ is a vinyl,allyl, methallyl, methylvinyl, acrylic (CH₂═CH—CO—), methacrylic(CH₂═C[CH₃]—CO—), crotonyl, senecionyl, itaconyl, maleinyl, fumaryl orstyryl radical.

[0075] To join the polymer chain to the reactive end group, a suitablebridging group Y is required. Preferred bridges Y are —O—, —C(O)—,—C(O)—O—, —S—, —O—CH₂—CH(O—)—CH₂OH, —O—CH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂O—, —O—SO₂—O—,—O—SO₂—O—, —O—SO—O—, —PH—, —P(CH₃)—, —PO₃—, —NH— and —N(CH₃)—,particularly preferably —O—.

[0076] The polymeric middle section of the macromonomers is representedby the discrete repeat units A, B, C and D. Preferred repeat units A, B,C and D are derived from acrylamide, methacrylamide, ethylene oxide,propylene oxide, AMPS, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methylmethacrylate, acrylonitrile, maleic acid, vinyl acetate, styrene,1,3-butadiene, isoprene, isobutene, diethylacrylamide anddiisopropylacrylamide.

[0077] The indices v, w, x and z in formula (III) represent thestoichiometric coefficients relating to the repeat units A, B, C and D.v, w, x, and z are, independently of one another, 0 to 500, preferably 1to 30, while the sum of the four coefficients must on average be ≧1.

[0078] The distribution of the repeat units over the macromonomer chaincan be random, block-like, alternating or gradient-like.

[0079] R² is a linear or branched aliphatic, olefinic, cycloaliphatic,arylaliphatic or aromatic (C₁-C₅₀)-hydrocarbon radical, OH, —NH₂,—N(CH₃)₂ or is identical to the structural unit [—Y—R¹].

[0080] If R² is [—Y—R¹], the macromonomers are difunctional and aresuitable for the crosslinking of the copolymers.

[0081] Particularly preferred macromonomers F) are acrylically ormethacrylically monofunctionalized alkyl ethoxylates according to theformula (IV).

[0082] R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆ are, independently of one another, hydrogen orn-aliphatic, isoaliphatic, olefinic, cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic oraromatic (C₁-C₃₀)-hydrocarbon radicals.

[0083] Preferably, R₃ and R₄ are H or —CH₃, particularly preferably H;R₅ is H or —CH₃; and R₆ is an n-aliphatic, isoaliphatic, olefinic,cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic or aromatic (C₁-C₃₀)-hydrocarbon radical.

[0084] v and w are in turn the stoichiometric coefficients relating tothe ethylene oxide units (EO) and propylene oxide units (PO). v and ware, independently of one another, 0 to 500, preferably 1 to 30, wherethe sum of v and w must on average be ≧1. The distribution of the EO andPO units over the macromonomer chain may be random, block-like,alternating or gradient-like.

[0085] In addition, particularly preferred macromonomers F) have thefollowing structure according to formula (IV): R³ R⁴ R⁵ R⁶ v w Genapol ®H H —CH₃ -lauryl 3 0 LA-030 methacrylate Genapol ® H H —CH₃ -lauryl 7 0LA-070 methacrylate Genapol ® H H —CH₃ -lauryl 20 0 LA-200 methacrylateGenapol ® H H —CH₃ -lauryl 25 0 LA-250 methacrylate Genapol ® H H —CH₃-talc 8 0 T-080 methacrylate Genapol ® H H H -Talk 8 0 T-080acrylatetalc Genapol ® H H —CH₃ -talc 25 0 T-250 methacrylate Genapol ®—CH₃ H —CH₃ -talc 25 0 T-250 crotonate Genapol ® H H —CH₃ -octyl 3 0OC-030 methacrylate Genapol ® H H —CH₃ -octyl 10 5 OC-105 methacrylateGenapol ® H H H -behenyl 10 0 Behenyl-010-metharyl Genapol ® H H H-behenyl 20 0 Behenyl-020-metharyl Genapol ® —CH₃ —CH₃ H -behenyl 10 0Behenyl-010- senecionyl Genapol ® H H H -acryl 10 0 PEG-440 diacrylateGenapol ® H H —CH₃ -butyl 17 13 B-11-50 methacrylate Genapol ® H H —CH₃-methyl 18 0 MPEG-750 methacrylate Genapol ® H H H -phenyl 10 0 P-010acrylate Genapol ® H H H -oleyl 5 0 O-050 acrylate

[0086] Also particularly suitable as macromonomers F) are esters of(meth)acrylic acid with

[0087] (C₁₀-C₁₈)-fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 8 EO units(Genapol® C-080)

[0088] C₁₁-oxo alcohol polyglycol ethers with 8 EO units (Genapol®UD-080)

[0089] (C₁₂-C₁₄)-fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 7 EO units(Genapol® LA-070)

[0090] (C₁₂-C₁₄)-fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 11 EO units(Genapol® LA-110)

[0091] (C₁₆-C₁₈)-fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 8 EO units(Genapol® T-080)

[0092] (C₁₆-C₁₈)-fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 15 EO units(Genapol® T-150)

[0093] (C₁₆-C₁₈)-fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 11 EO units(Genapol® T-110)

[0094] (C₁₆-C₁₈)-fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 20 EO units(Genapol® T-200)

[0095] (C₁₆-C₁₈)-fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 25 EO units(Genapol® T-250)

[0096] (C₁₈-C₂₂)-fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 25 EO units and/or

[0097] iso-(C₁₆-C₁₈)-fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 25 EO units

[0098] The Genapol® grades are products from Clariant, GmbH.

[0099] Preferably, the molecular weight of the macromonomers F) is 200g/mol to 10⁶ g/mol, particularly preferably 150 to 10⁴ g/mol andparticularly preferably 200 to 5000 g/mol.

[0100] Based on the total mass of the copolymers, suitable macromonomerscan be used up to 99.9% by weight. Preferably, the ranges 0.5 to 30% byweight and 70 to 99.5% by weight are used. Particular preference isgiven to proportions of from 1 to 20% by weight and 75 to 95% by weight.

[0101] Preferred copolymers are those obtainable by copolymerization ofat least components A), C) and D).

[0102] Further preferred copolymers are those obtainable bycopolymerization of at least components A), C) and E).

[0103] Further preferred copolymers are those obtainable bycopolymerization of at least components A), D) and F).

[0104] Further preferred copolymers are those obtainable bycopolymerization of at least components A) and F).

[0105] In a preferred embodiment, the copolymerization is carried out inthe presence of at least one polymeric additive G), where the additiveG) is added to the polymerization medium in completely or partiallydissolved form prior to the actual copolymerization. The use of two ormore additives G) is likewise in accordance with the invention.Crosslinked additives G) can likewise be used. The additives G) ormixtures thereof must merely be completely or partially soluble in thechosen polymerization medium. During the actual polymerization step, theadditive G) has a number of functions. On the one hand, in the actualpolymerization step, it prevents the formation of overcrosslinkedpolymer proportions in the copolymer which forms and, on the other hand,the additive G) is attacked randomly by active free radicals accordingto the generally known mechanism of graft copolymerization. This meansthat, depending on the additive G), greater or lesser proportionsthereof are incorporated into the copolymers. In addition, suitableadditives G) have the property of changing the solubility parameters ofthe copolymers which form during the free-radical polymerizationreaction in such a way that the average molecular weights are shifted tohigher values. Compared with analogous copolymers which have beenprepared without the addition of the additives G), those which have beenprepared with the addition of additives G) advantageously exhibit asignificantly higher viscosity in aqueous solution.

[0106] Preferred additives G) are homo- and copolymers soluble in waterand/or alcohols, preferably in t-butanol. Here, copolymers are alsounderstood as meaning those with more than two different types ofmonomer.

[0107] Particularly preferred additives G) are homo- and copolymers ofN-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, ethylene oxide,propylene oxide, acryloyldimethyltauric acid, N-vinylcaprolactam,N-vinylmethylacetamide, acrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid,N-vinylmorpholide, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, diallyldimethylammoniumchloride (DADMAC) and/or [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammoniumchloride (MAPTAC); polyalkylene glycols and/or alkyl polyglycols.

[0108] Particularly preferred additives G) are polyvinylpyrrolidones(e.g. Luviskol K15®, K20® and K30® from BASF), poly(N-vinylformamides),poly(N-vinylcaprolactams) and copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone,N-vinylformamide and/or acrylic acid, which may also be partially orcompletely saponified.

[0109] The molecular weight of the additives G) is preferably 10² to 10⁷g/mol, particularly preferably 0.5*10⁴ to 10⁶ g/mol.

[0110] The amount of polymeric additive G) used is, based on the totalmass of the monomers to be polymerized in the copolymerization,preferably 0.1 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 20% byweight and especially preferably 1.5 to 10% by weight.

[0111] In a further preferred embodiment, the copolymers according tothe invention are crosslinked, i.e. they contain comonomers with atleast two vinyl groups capable of polymerization.

[0112] Preferred crosslinkers are methylenebisacrylamide;methylenebismethacrylamide; esters of unsaturated mono- andpolycarboxylic acids with polyols, preferably diacrylates andtriacrylates or -methacrylates, particularly preferably butanediol andethylene glycol diacrylate or methacrylate, trimethylolpropanetriacrylate (TMPTA) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA);allyl compounds, preferably allyl (meth)acrylate, triallyl cyanurate,maleic diallyl ester, polyallyl ester, tetraallyloxyethane,triallylamine, tetraallylethylenediamine; allyl esters of phosphoricacid; and/or vinylphosphonic acid derivatives.

[0113] A particularly preferred crosslinker is trimethylolpropanetriacrylate (TMPTA). The proportion by weight of crosslinkingcomonomers, based on the total mass of the copolymers, is preferably upto 20% by weight, particularly preferably 0.05 to 10% by weight andespecially preferably 0.1 to 7% by weight.

[0114] The polymerization medium which can be used is any organic orinorganic solvent which behaves largely inertly with regard tofree-radical polymerization reactions and advantageously permits theformation of moderate or high molecular weights. Preference is given tousing water; lower alcohols; preferably methanol, ethanol, propanols,iso-, sec- and t-butanol, particularly preferably t-butanol;hydrocarbons having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and mixtures of theabovementioned compounds.

[0115] The polymerization reaction preferably takes place in thetemperature range between 0 and 150° C., particularly preferably between10 and 100° C., either at atmospheric pressure or else under increasedor reduced pressure. Optionally, the polymerization can also be carriedout under a protective gas atmosphere, preferably under nitrogen.

[0116] The polymerization can be triggered using high-energyelectromagnetic rays, mechanical energy or the customary chemicalpolymerization initiators, such as organic peroxides, e.g. benzoylperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cumenehydroperoxide, dilauroyl peroxide or azo initiators, such as, forexample, azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN).

[0117] Likewise suitable are inorganic peroxy compounds, such as, forexample, (NH₄)₂S₂O₈, K₂S₂O₈ or H₂O₂, optionally in combination withreducing agents (e.g. sodium hydrogensulfite, ascorbic acid, iron(II)sulfate etc.) or redox systems which comprise an aliphatic or aromaticsulfonic acid (e.g. benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid etc.) asreducing component.

[0118] The polymerization medium which can be used is any solvent whichis largely inert with regard to free-radical polymerization reactionsand permits the formation of high molecular weights. Preference is givento using water and lower, tertiary alcohols or hydrocarbons having 3 to30 carbon atoms. In a particularly preferred embodiment, t-butanol isused as reaction medium. Mixtures of two or more representatives of thepotential solvents described are of course likewise in accordance withthe invention. This also includes emulsions of immiscible solvents (e.g.water/hydrocarbons). In principle, all types of reaction procedure aresuitable which lead to the polymer structures according to the invention(solution polymerization, emulsion processes, precipitation processes,high-pressure processes, suspension processes, bulk polymerization, gelpolymerization etc.).

[0119] Preference is given to precipitation polymerization, andparticular preference is given to precipitation polymerization intert-butanol.

[0120] The list below gives 67 copolymers which are particularlysuitable for the formulation of the compositions according to theinvention. The various copolymers No. 1 to No. 67 are obtainable inaccordance with the following preparation processes 1, 2, 3 and 4.

[0121] Process 1:

[0122] These polymers can be prepared by the precipitation process intert-butanol. In this process, the monomers were initially introducedinto 2-butanol, the reaction mixture was rendered inert and then thereaction was started after initial heating to 60° C. by adding theappropriate initiator soluble in t-butanol (preferably dilauroylperoxide). When the reaction was complete (2 hours), the polymers wereisolated by removing the solvent with suction and by subsequent vacuumdrying.

[0123] Process 2:

[0124] These polymers can be prepared by the gel polymerization processin water. In this process, the monomers were dissolved in water, thereaction mixture was rendered inert and the reaction was started afterinitial heating to 65° C. by adding suitable initiator(s) systems(preferably Na₂S₂O₈). The polymer gels were then comminuted and, afterdrying, the polymers were isolated.

[0125] Process 3:

[0126] These polymers can be prepared by the emulsion process in water.In this process, the monomers were emulsified in a mixture ofwater/organic solvent (preferably cyclohexane) using an emulsifier, thereaction mixture was rendered inert using N₂ and then the reaction wasstarted after initial heating to 80° C. by adding suitable initiator(s)systems (preferably Na₂S₂O₈). The polymer emulsions were then evaporated(cyclohexane functions as entrainer for water), thereby isolating thepolymers.

[0127] Process 4:

[0128] These polymers can be prepared by the solution process in organicsolvents (preferably toluene, e.g. also tert-alcohols). In this process,the monomers were initially introduced into the solvent, the reactionmixture was rendered inert and then the reaction was started afterinitial heating to 70° C. adding suitable initiator(s) systems(preferably dilauroyl peroxide). The polymers were isolated byevaporating off the solvent and by subsequent vacuum drying.

[0129] Polymers with Hydrophobic Side Chains, Uncrosslinked PreparationNo. Composition process 1 95 g AMPS 5 g Genapol T-080 methacrylate 1 290 g AMPS 10 g Genapol T-080 methacrylate 1 3 85 g AMPS 15 g GenapolT-080 methacrylate 1 4 80 g AMPS 20 g Genapol T-080 methacrylate 1 5 70g AMPS 30 g Genapol T-080 methacrylate 1 6 50 g AMPS 50 g Genapol T-080methacrylate 3 7 40 g AMPS 60 g Genapol T-080 methacrylate 3 8 30 g AMPS70 g Genapol T-080 methacrylate 3 9 20 g AMPS 80 g Genapol T-080methacrylate 3 10  60 g AMPS 60 g BB10 acrylate 4 11  80 g AMPS 20 gBB10 acrylate 4 12  90 g AMPS 10 g BB10 methacrylate 3 13  80 g AMPS 20g BB10 methacrylate 1 14  80 g AMPS 20 g Genapol LA040 acrylate 1

[0130] Polymers with Hydrophobic Side Chains, Crosslinked PreparationNo. Composition process 15 80 g AMPS 20 g Genapol LA040 methacrylate 10.6 g AMA 16 80 g AMPS 20 g Genapol LA040 methacrylate 1 0.8 g AMA 17 80g AMPS 20 g Genapol LA040 methacrylate 1 1.0 g AMA 18 628.73 g AMPS120.45 g Genapol T-250 acrylate 2 6.5 g TMPTA 19 60 g AMPS 40 g BB10acrylate 1.9 g TMPTA 4 20 80 g AMPS 20 g BB10 acrylate 1.4 g TMPTA 4 2190 g AMPS 10 g BB10 methacrylate 1.9 g TMPTA 4 22 80 g AMPS 20 g BB25methacrylate 1.9 g TMPTA 1 23 60 g AMPS 40 g BB10 acrylate 1.4 g TMPTA 4

[0131] Polymers with Hydrophobic Side Chains, Crosslinked, GraftedPreparation No. Composition process 24 95 g AMPS 5 g BB10 acrylate, 1.9g TMPTA, 1 g 1 Poly-NVP 25 90 g AMPS 10 g BB10 acrylate, 1.9 g TMPTA, 1g 1 Poly-NVP 26 85 g AMPS 15 g BB10 acrylate, 1.9 g TMPTA, 1 g 1Poly-NVP 27 90 g AMPS 10 g BB10 methacrylate, 1.9 g 1 TMPTA, 1 gPoly-NVP

[0132] Polymers with Silicon-Containing Groups, Uncrosslinked No.Composition Preparation process 28 80 g AMPS, 20 g Silvet 867 1 29 80 gAMPS, 50 g Silvet 867 4

[0133] Polymers with Silicon-Containing Groups, Crosslinked No.Composition Preparation process 30 80 g AMPS, 20 g Silvet 867, 0.5 g MBA4 31 80 g AMPS, 20 g Silvet 867, 1.0 g MBA 1 32 60 g AMPS, 40 g Y-12867,0.95 g AMA 1 33 80 g AMPS, 20 g Y-12867, 0.95 g AMA 1 34 90 g AMPS, 10 gY-12867, 0.95 g AMA 1 35 60 g AMPS, 40 g Silvet 7280, 0.95 g AMA 1 36 80g AMPS, 20 g Silvet 7280, 0.95 g AMA 1 37 90 g AMPS, 10 g Silvet 7280,0.95 g AMA 1 38 60 g AMPS, 40 g Silvet 7608, 0.95 g AMA 1 39 80 g AMPS,20 g Silvet 7608, 0.95 g AMA 1 40 90 g AMPS, 10 g Silvet 7608, 0.95 gAMA 1

[0134] Polymers with Hydrophobic Side Chains and Cationic Groups,Uncrosslinked Preparation No. Composition process 41 87.5 g AMPS, 7.5 gGenapol T-110, 5 g DADMAC 2 42 40 g AMPS, 10 g Genapol T110, 45 gmethacryl- 2 amide 43 55 g AMPS, 40 g Genapol LA040, 5 g Quat 1 44 75 gAMPS, 10 g BB10, 6.7 g Quat 1

[0135] Polymers with Hydrophobic Side Chains and Cationic Groups,Crosslinked Preparation No. Composition process 45 60 g AMPS, 20 gGenapol T-80, 10 g Quat, 10 g 1 HEMA 46 75 g AMPS, 20 g Genapol T-250, 5g Quat, 1.4 g 1 TMPTA 47 75 g AMPS, 20 g Genapol T-250, 10 g Quat, 1.4 g1 TMPTA 48 75 g AMPS, 20 g Genapol T-250, 20 g Quat, 1.4 g 1 TMPTA

[0136] Polymers with Fluorine-Containing Groups Preparation No.Composition process 49 94 g AMPS, 2.02 g Fluowet AC 600 1 50 80 g AMPS,20 g perfluorooctyl polyethylene 3 glycol methacrylate, 1 g Span 80

[0137] Polymers with Fluorine-Containing Groups, Grafted Preparation No.Composition process 51 80 g AMPS, 10 g Fluowet AC 600, 5 g Poly-NVP 1 5270 g AMPS, 8 g perfluorooctyl ethyloxyglycerol 4 methacrylate, 5 gPoly-NVP

[0138] Multifunctional Polymers Preparation No. Composition process 5380 g AMPS, 10 g Genapol LA070, 10 g Silvet 7608, 1 1.8 g TMPTA 54 70 gAMPS, 5 g N-vinylpyrrolidone, 15 g Genapol 4 T-250 methacrylate, 10 gQuat, 10 g Poly-NVP 55 80 g AMPS, 5 g N-vinylformamide, 5 g Genapol 2O-150-methacrylate, 10 g DADMAC, 1.8 g TMPTA, 8 g Poly-N-vinylformamide56 70 g AMPS, 5 g N-vinylpyrrolidone, 15 g Genapol 1 T-250 methacrylate,10 g Quat, 10 g Poly-NVP 57 60 g AMPS, 10 g Genapol-BE-020 methacrylate,1 10 g Genapol T-250 acrylate, 20 g Quat, 1 g Span 80 58 60 g AMPS, 20 gMPEG-750 methacrylate, 1 10 g methacryloxypropyldimethicone, 10 gperfluorooctyl polyethylene glycol meth- acrylate, 10 gpoly[N-vinylcaprolactone-co-acrylic acid] (10/90) 59 80 g AMPS, 5 gN-vinylformamide, 5 g Genapol 1 O-150 methacrylate, 10 g DADMAC, 1.8 gTMPTA 60 70 g AMPS, 10 g Genapol T-250 acrylate, 5 g N- 1methyl-4-vinylpyridinium chloride, 2.5 g Silvet Y-12867, 2.5 gperfluorohexyl polyethylene glycol methacrylate, 10 g polyethyleneglycol dimeth- acrylate, 4 g poly[N-vinylcaprolactam] 61 10 g AMPS, 20 gacrylamide, 30 g N-2-vinyl- 3 pyrrolidone, 20 g Silvet 7608, 10 gmethacryloxy- propyldimethicone, 10 g Fluowet AC 812 62 60 g AMPS, 10 gDADMAC, 10 g Quat, 10 g 1 Genapol-LA-250 crotonate, 10 g methacryloxy-propyldimethicone, 7 g Poly[acrylic acid-co-N- vinylformamide] 63 50 gAMPS, 45 g Silvet 7608, 1.8 g TMPTA, 1 8 g Poly[N-vinylformamide] 64 20g AMPS, 10 g Genapol T 110, 35 g MAA, 30 g 4 HEMA, 5 g DADMAC 65 20 gAMPS, 80 g BB10, 1.4 g TMPTA 1 66 75 g AMPS, 20 g BB10, 6.7 g Quat, 1.4g TMPTA 1 67 35 g AMPS, 60 g acrylamide, 2 g VIFA, 4 2.5 gvinylphosphonic acid, 2 mol % Fluowet EA-600

[0139] Chemical Name of the Reactants: AMPS acryloyldimethyltaurate, Naor NH₄ salt as desired Genapol ® T-080 C₁₆-C₁₈-fatty alcohol polyglycolether with 8 EO units Genapol ® T-110 C₁₂-C₁₄-fatty alcohol polyglycolether with 11 EO units Genapol ® T-250 C₁₆-C₁₈-fatty alcohol polyglycolether with 25 EO units Genapol ® LA-040 C₁₂-C₁₄-fatty alcohol polyglycolether with 4 EO units Genapol ® LA-070 C₁₂-C₁₄-fatty alcohol polyglycolether with 7 EO units Genapol ® O-150 C₁₆-C₁₈-fatty alcohol polyglycolether meth- methacrylate acrylate with 15 EO units, Genapol ® LA-250C₁₂-C₁₄-fatty alcohol polyglycol ether crotonate crotonate with 25 EOunits Genapol ® T-250 C₁₆-C₁₈-fatty alcohol polyglycol ether meth-methacrylate acrylate with 25 EO units Genapol ® T-250 C₁₆-C₁₈-fattyalcohol polyglycol ether meth- acrylate acrylate with 25 EO units BB10 ®polyoxyethylene(10) behenyl ether TMPTA trimethylolpropane triacrylatePoly-NVP Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone Silvet ® 867 Siloxanepolyalkylene oxidecopolymer MBA Methylenebisacrylamide AMA Allyl methacrylate ® Y-12867Siloxanepolyalkylene oxide copolymer Silvet ® 7608 Polyalkyleneoxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane Silvet ® 7280 Polyalkyleneoxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane DADMAC Diallyldimethylammoniumchloride HEMA 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Quat2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride Fluowet ® AC 600Perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate Span ® 80 Sorbitan ester

[0140] The described optional grafting of the copolymers with otherpolymers leads to products with particular polymer morphology which, inaqueous systems, gives optically clear gels. A potential disadvantage ofthe copolymers without grafting is greater or lesser opalescence inaqueous solution. This is caused by overcrosslinked polymer proportionswhich have hitherto been unavoidable which arise during the synthesisand are only in inadequately swollen form in water. As a result,light-scattering particles form, the size of which is significantlygreater than the wavelength of visible light and are therefore the causeof the opalescence. The described, optional grafting processsignificantly reduces or entirely avoids the formation ofovercrosslinked polymer proportions compared with conventionaltechniques.

[0141] The described optional incorporation both of cationic charges andalso of silicon, fluorine or phosphorus atoms into the copolymers leadsto products which, in cosmetic formulations, have particular sensory andrheological properties. An improvement in the sensory and rheologicalproperties may be desired in particular for use in rinse-off products(in particular hair-treatment compositions) and also leave-on products(in particular O/W emulsions).

[0142] As well as comprising the copolymer, the dispersion concentratesaccording to the invention also comprise one or more emulsifiers and/oran oil phase in the stated amount. If emulsifiers are used as the solecomponent II, the proportion of the oil phase is thus 0% and,accordingly, the proportion of the emulsifiers is 0%, if the componentII consists only of an oil phase. Preference is given to using a mixtureof emulsifier and oil phase as second component.

[0143] Suitable emulsifiers are addition products of from 0 to 30 mol ofalkylene oxide, in particular ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butyleneoxide onto linear fatty alcohols having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, onto fattyacids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, onto alkylphenols having 8 to 15carbon atoms in the alkyl group and onto sorbitan esters;(C₁₂-C₁₈)-fatty acid mono- and diesters of addition products of from 0to 30 mol of ethylene oxide onto glycerol; glycerol mono- and diestersand sorbitan mono- and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acidshaving 6 to 22 carbon atoms and optionally their ethylene oxide additionproducts; addition products of from 15 to 60 mol of ethylene oxide ontocastor oil and/or hydrogenated castor oil; polyol and, in particular,polyglycerol esters, such as, for example, polyglycerol polyricinoleateand polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearate. Preference is given to liquidfatty acid esters which may either be ethoxylated (PEG-10polyglyceryl-2laurate) or as nonethoxylated (polyglyceryl-2sesquiisostearate).

[0144] Further dispersion concentrates according to the inventionpreferably comprise sorbitol ester prepared by reacting sorbitol withfatty acid methyl esters or fatty acid triglycerides according to theprocess described in DE 197 27 950. The fatty acid radical in the fattyacid methyl esters and fatty acid triglycerides generally comprises 8 to22 carbon atoms and can be straight-chain or branched, saturated orunsaturated. Examples thereof are palmitic acid, stearic acid, lauricacid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, isostearic acid or oleic acid.Suitable fatty acid triglycerides are all natural animal or vegetableoils, fats and waxes, for example olive oil, rapeseed oil, palm kerneloil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, castor oil, soybean oil,optionally also in refined or hydrogenated form. Since these naturalfats, oils and waxes are normally mixtures of fatty acids of varyingchain length, this also applies to the fatty acid radicals in thesorbitol esters used according to the invention. The sorbitol estersused according to the invention can also be alkoxylated, preferablyethoxylated.

[0145] In addition, it is possible to use anionic emulsifiers, such asethoxylated and nonethoxylated mono-, di- or triphosphoric esters, butalso cationic emulsifiers, such as mono-, di- and trialkyl quats andtheir polymeric derivatives.

[0146] Likewise suitable are mixtures of compounds of two or more ofthese classes of substance.

[0147] As well as comprising AMPS copolymer, the dispersions accordingto the invention can comprise one or more oils, preferably from thegroup of hydrocarbons, ester oils, vegetable oils and silicone oils.

[0148] The oils used according to the invention include hydrocarbon oilswith linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C7-C40-carbon chains,for example Vaseline, dodecane, isododecane, cholesterol, lanolin,hydrogenated polyisobutylenes, docosanes, hexadecane, isohexadecane,paraffins and isoparaffins;

[0149] oils of vegetable origin, in particular liquid triglycerides,such as sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, rice oil, jojoba oil,babusscu oil, pumpkin oil, grapeseed oil, sesame oil, walnut oil,apricot oil, macadamia oil, avocado oil, sweet almond oil, lady's smockoil, castor oil, olive oil, groundnut oil, rapeseed oil and coconut oil;oils of animal origin, for example beef tallow, pig fat, goose grease,perhydrosqualene, lanolin; synthetic oils, such as purcellin oil, linearand/or branched fatty alcohols and fatty acid esters, preferably Guerbetalcohols having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10, carbon atoms; esters oflinear (C₆-C₁₃)-fatty acids with linear (C₆-C₂₀)-fatty alcohols; estersof branched (C₆-C₁₃)-carboxylic acids with linear (C₆-C₂₀)-fattyalcohols, esters of linear (C₆-C₁₈)-fatty acids with branched alcohols,in particular 2-ethylhexanol; esters of linear and/or branched fattyacids with polyhydric alcohols (such as, for example, dimerdiol ortrimerdiol) and/or Guerbet alcohols; alcohol esters of C₁-C₁₀-carboxylicacids or C₂-C₃₀-dicarboxylic acids, C₁-C₃₀-carboxylic monoesters andpolyesters of sugar, C₁-C₃₀-monoesters and polyesters of glycerol;

[0150] waxes, such as beeswax, paraffin wax or microcrystalline waxes,optionally in combination with hydrophilic waxes, such as, for example,cetylstearyl alcohol; fluorinated and perfluorinated oils.

[0151] Monoglycerides of C₁-C₃₀-carboxylic acids, diglycerides ofC₁-C₃₀-carboxylic acids, triglycerides of C₁-C₃₀-carboxylic acids, forexample triglycerides of caprylic/capric acids, ethylene glycolmonoesters of C₁-C₃₀-carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol diesters ofC₁-C₃₀-carboxylic acids, propylene glycol monoesters ofC₁-C₃₀-carboxylic acids, propylene glycol diesters of C₁-C₃₀-carboxylicacids, and propoxylated and ethoxylated derivatives of theabovementioned classes of compound.

[0152] Suitable silicone oils are dimethylpolysiloxanes,cyclomethicones, polydialkylsiloxanes R₃SiO(R₂SiO)_(x)SiR₃, where R is amethyl and ethyl, particularly preferably methyl, and x is a number from2 to 500, for example dimethicones available under the tradenamesVICASIL (General Electric Company), DOW CORNING 200, DOW CORNING 225,DOW CORNING 200 (Dow Corning Corporation). Trimethylsiloxysilicates[(CH₂)₃SiO)_(1/2)]_(x)[SiO₂]y, where x is a number from 1 to 500 and yis a number from 1 to 500. Dimethiconols R₃SiO[R₂SiO]_(x)SiR₂OH andHOR₂SiO[R₂SiO]_(x)SiR₂OH, where R is methyl or ethyl and x is a numberup to 500, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, for example polymethylphenylsiloxanesobtainable under the tradenames SF 1075 METHYLPHENYL FLUID (GeneralElectric Company) and 556 COSMETIC GRADE PHENYL TRIMETHICONE FLUID (DowCorning Corporation), polydiarylsiloxanes, silicone resins, cyclicsilicones and amino-, fatty acid-, alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-,fluorine- and/or alkyl-modified silicone compounds, and alsopolyethersiloxane copolymers, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,645and the specifications cited therein, which may either be in liquid formor in resin form at room temperature.

[0153] The dispersion concentrates according to the invention can beprepared in various ways, an inverse emulsion polymerization or aninverse mini-emulsion polymerization being as preferred as a physicalmixing of AMPS copolymer with oil/emulsifier phase and optionally waterphase. The physical mixing is preferably carried out by mixing oil phaseand emulsifier(s) at 10 to 60° C., preferably at room temperature, thenadding AMPS copolymer(s) to about 40% by weight of the oil/emulsifierphase over a period of from 10 to 60 min, preferably about 30 min, withvigorous stirring. During this, a homogeneous paste forms. If necessary,a small amount of water can be added to improve processing. Then, theremaining oil/emulsifier phase is added with stirring and the mixture isstirred to homogeneity for a number of hours. A liquid, pourabledispersion is formed.

[0154] The dispersion concentrates according to the invention aresuitable as thickener, bodying agent, emulsifier, solubilizer,dispersant, lubricant, adhesive, conditioner and/or stabilizer—in anexcellent manner for the formulation of cosmetic, pharmaceutical anddermatological compositions, in particular of oil-in-water emulsions inthe form of creams, lotions, cleansing milk, cream gels, sprayemulsions, e.g. body lotions, aftersun lotions, sunscreen compositionsand deodorant sprays.

[0155] The dispersion concentrates according to the invention are usedin the cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations in amounts by weightsuch that polymer concentrations are from 0.01 to 10% by weight,preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 3% byweight, based on the finished compositions, result.

[0156] The compositions according to the invention can comprise anionic,cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactants, and alsofurther auxiliaries and additives, cationic polymers, film formers,superfatting agents, stabilizers, biogenic active ingredients, glycerol,preservatives, pearlizing agents, dyes and fragrances, solvents,opacifiers, and also protein derivatives, such as gelatin, collagenhydrolysates, natural and synthetic-based polypeptides, egg yolk,lecithin, lanolin and lanolin derivatives, fatty alcohols, silicones,deodorizing agents, substances with keratolytic and keratoplasticaction, enzymes and carrier subtances. Furthermore, antimicrobiallyeffective agents can be added to the compositions according to theinvention.

[0157] In addition, the compositions according to the invention cancomprise organic solvents. In principle, suitable organic solvents areall mono- or polyhydric alcohols. Preference is given to using alcoholshaving 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol,n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, glycerol and mixtures of saidalcohols. Further preferred alcohols are polyethylene glycols with arelative molecular mass below 2000. In particular, the use ofpolyethylene glycol with a relative molecular mass between 200 and 600and in amounts up to 45% by weight and of polyethylene glycol with arelative molecular mass between 400 and 600 in amounts of from 5 to 25%by weight is preferred. Further suitable solvents are, for example,triacetin (glycerol triacetate) and 1-methoxy-2-propanol. Short-chainanionic surfactants, in particular arylsulfonates, for example cumene-or toluenesulfonate, have a hydrotropic effect.

[0158] The examples below serve to illustrate the subject matter of theinvention in more detail without limiting it thereto (the percentagesare percentages by weight).

[0159] Various base formulations with a high emulsifier concentration(A1 to A6) and with a low emulsifier concentration (B1 to B6) wereprepared. In this connection, different polymers were used in each case:

[0160] Polymer No. 1, 2, 4, 17, 18, 22, 27, 28, 32, 41, 44 and 46 inaccordance with the above tables. The resulting polymer dispersions wereassessed in terms of appearance, viscosity and stability (sedimentationupon storage at 25° C. for 3 weeks). 1. High emulsifier conc. PolymerNo. 18 22 17 41 22 22 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 Polymer 36.0% 36.0% 36.0% 36.0%36.0% 36% Hostacerin DGI 25.6% 12.8% 51.2% 25.6% 28.8% 30% Hostaphat 6.4% 19.2% 12.8% 38.4% 19.2% 18% KL 340 D Myritol 318 32.0% 32.0%  0.0%16.0% 24.0% 16% Paraffin  0.0%  0.0%  0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 0.0%  IPP  0.0% 0.0%  0.0%  0.0%  0.0% 0.0%  1. Low emuisifier conc. Polymer Nr. 1 4 4418 22 22 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 Polymer 36.0%  36.0%  36.0%  36.0%  36.0% 36%  Hostacerin DGI 4.0% 2.0% 4.0% 2.0% 3.0% 3% Hostaphat 1.0% 3.0% 1.0%3.0% 2.0% 2% KL 340 D Myritol 318 59.0%  59.0%  0.0% 0.0% 29.5%  0.0%Paraffin 0.0% 0.0% 59.0%  59.0%  29.5% 29.5% IPP 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 29.5%

[0161] Chemical Name of the Commercial Products Used: Hostacerin DGIPolyglyceryl-2 sesquiisostearate Myritol 318 Caprylic/Caprictriglyceride IPP Isopropyl palmitate Hostaphat KL340D Trilaureth-4phosphate

1. A dispersion concentrate comprising: I) 5 to 80% by weight,preferably 20 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably 30 to 40% byweight, of a copolymer obtainable by free-radical copolymerization of A)acryloyldimethyltauric acid and/or acryloyldimethyltaurates, B)optionally one or more further olefinically unsaturated, non-cationic,optionally crosslinking comonomers which have at least one oxygen,nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus atom and have a molecular weight of lessthan 500 g/mol, C) optionally one or more olefinically unsaturated,cationic comonomers which have at least one oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur orphosphorus atom and have a molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol, D)optionally one or more at least monofunctional silicon-containingcomponent(s) capable of free-radical polymerization, E) optionally oneor more at least monofunctional fluorine-containing component(s) capableof free-radical polymerization, F) optionally one or more mono- orpolyolefinically unsaturated, optionally crosslinking macromonomerswhich have at least one oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus atom andhave a number-average molecular weight of greater than or equal to 200g/mol, where the macromonomers are not a silicon-containing component D)or fluorine-containing component E), G) where the copolymerizationoptionally takes place in the presence of at least one polymericadditive with number-average molecular weights of from 200 g/mol to 10⁹g/mol, H) with the proviso that the component A) is copolymerized withat least one component chosen from one of groups D) to G), II) 20 to 95%by weight, preferably 30 to 80% by weight, particularly preferably 40 to60% by weight, of one or more emulsifiers and/or an oil phase and III) 0to 30% by weight, preferably 0 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably0 to 5% by weight, of water.
 2. The dispersion concentrate as claimed inclaim 1, which comprises a copolymer which comprises 20 to 99.5% byweight, based on the total mass of the copolymer, ofacryloyldimethyltauric acid or salt thereof.
 3. The dispersionconcentrate as claimed in claim 1, which comprises 20 to 60% by weightof the copolymer.
 4. The dispersion concentrate as claimed in claim 1,which comprises 30 to 40% by weight of the copolymer.
 5. The dispersionconcentrate as claimed in claim 1, which comprises 30 to 80% by weightof emulsifier and/or oil phase.
 6. The dispersion concentrate as claimedin claim 1, which comprises 40 to 60% by weight of emulsifier and/or oilphase.
 7. The dispersion concentrate as claimed in claim 1, whichcomprises 0 to 10% by weight of water.
 8. The dispersion concentrate asclaimed in claim 1, which comprises 0 to 5% by weight of water.
 9. Acosmetic, pharmaceutical or dermatological preparation comprising adispersion concentrate as claimed in claim
 1. 10. A cosmetic,pharmaceutical or dermatological preparation in the form of anoil-in-water emulsion comprising a dispersion concentrate as claimed inclaim 1.